My work is primarily focused on upper and lower boundary effects on the middle and upper atmosphere of Earth. The upper boundary impacts include things like energetic electron precipitation, solar proton precipitation, high-energy solar radiation, and galactic cosmic rays. The lower boundary impacts include gravity and planetary waves that are generated in the troposphere and stratosphere and propagate upward into the
mesosphere/thermosphere/ionosphere causing variability. Additionally, I work on whole atmosphere model development and improvement; Model development on NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Understanding impacts from particle precipitation on the middle and upper atmosphere of Earth, and Improving atmospheric models by including new or improved boundary conditions